Submarine attack computer



Sept. 14, 1954 J-. H. HAMMOND, JR 2,639,033

SUBMARINE ATTACK COMPUTER Filed Nov. 12, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet l as m BI 54 86 INVENTOR.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND,JR. 47- BY 25 W Sept. 14, 1954 J. H. HAMMOND, JR

SUBMARINE ATTACK COMPUTER 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 12, 1952 IN V EN TOR.

Sept. 14, 1954 H. HAMMOND, JR 2,689,033

SUBMARINE ATTACK COMPUTER Filed Nov. 12, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet s Course,

Dim-mace.

INVENTOR. JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR.

Sept. 14, 1954 J. H. HAMMOND, JR

SUBMARINE ATTACK COMPUTER 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed NOV. 12, 1952 INVENTOR. dorm HAYS HAMMOND,JR.

Sept. 14, 1954 .1. H. HAMMOND, JR 2,589,033

SUBMARINE ATTACK COMPUTER Filed Nov. 12, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 RADAR RECEIVER TRANSMITTER SONAR RECEIVER o TRANSMITTER [65 4 H INVENTOR.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR.

Sept. 14, 1954 J. H. HAMMOND, JR 2,689,033 SUBMARINE ATTACK COMPUTER Filed Nov. 12, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Speed *6 m1Ila/ 0 01,,

Course of Submarine Speed of Submarine.

Isa

INVENTOR. JOHN HAYS HAMMOND,JR.

Sept. 14, 1954 J.-H. HAMMOND, JR 2,639,083

SUBMARINEI ATTACK COMPUTER Filed Nov. 12, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet v 3 piston Cw rae.

IN VEN TOR.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND) JR.

Patented Sept. 14, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SUBMARINE ATTACK COMPUTER John Hays Hammond, Jr., Gloucester, Mass.

Application, November 12, 1952, Serial No. 320,072

3 Claims.

This invention relates to means for locating and attacking a submerged submarine by the use of a surface vessel and an attacking aircraft.

The invention relates more specifically to a method for obtaining the bearing and distance of a submarine by sonar and of an attacking aircraft by radar from a surface ship, the feeding of thisinformation into a calculator on the ship, said calculator giving the relative bearing of said submarine from said aircraft and television means for transmitting this information from said ship to said attacking aircraft.

This invention further provides means for ascertaining the course and speed of the submarine, which together with the speed of the aircraft is fed to the calculator, thus correcting the heading of the aircraft in order to take into account these .factors. I

The invention also consists in certain new and original features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

The nature of the invention, as to its objects and advantages, the mode of its operation and the manner of its organization, may be better understood .by referring ,to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawingsforminga part thereof, in which Fig. 1 is a diagram representing the relative locations of the ship, submarineand aircraft,

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the calculator.

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the calculator,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken on line 5-5 .ofFishZ.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken on line G-6 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view of the radar equipment used in connection with the invention,

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the sonar equipment used in connection with the invention,

Referring to 'Fig. 1 a surface ship is indicated at H, and enemy submarine at 12 and an attacking helicopter at I 3. The problem is to determine the bearings and. distances of the submarine l2 and helicopter [3 from the ship II, the course and speed of the, submarine l2, the bearing and distance of the submarine l2 from the helicopter l3 and finally the heading the helicopter It must take in order to intercept the submarine 12. By standard and well known methods the distance and direction of the submarine [2 from the ship I l, represented by the line 14, may be determined by sonar and the distance and direction of the helicopter l3 from the ship I l, represented by the line l5, may be determined by radar. By knowing the lengths of the two sides [4 and I5 and the angle it between them the triangle l I-l2-I3 is determined, so that the length and direction of the side I! is obtained. This gives the distance and bearing of the submarine 12 from the helicopter l3.

Also by well known methods the course and speed of the submarine I2 is ascertained, which is represented by the line l8. As the speed of the helicopter I9 is known the triangle l2-l32l is determined from the lengths of the two sides I8 and I9 and the angle 22. From this triangle the heading [9 along which the helicopter l3 must fly in order to intercept the submarine I2 at point 2| is determined.

In order toobtain this information the calculator shown in Figs. 2-6 is provided. This calculator consists of a base plate 25 in which is rotatably mounted a sleeve 26 provided at its upper end with an arm 21. To the lower end of the sleeve 26 is secured a worm wheel 28 which meshes with a Worm 29 secured to the shaft of a synchromotor 3i mounted on the under surface of the baseplate 25. Slidably mounted on the arm 21 is a carriage '32 thru which is threaded a screw shaft 33 having bearings in brackets 34 and 35 attached to the arm 21. The shaft 33 is driven by a synchro-motor 36 which is mounted on bracket 35. Rotatably mounted in brackets 35 and 3*! is a square shaft 38 to one end of which is secured a bevel pinion 39 meshing with a bevel gear 4! which in turn is secured to a shaft 42 rotatably mounted in sleeve 26. To the lower end of shaft 42 is attached a worm wheel 43 which meshes with a worm 44 fastened on the shaft of a synchro-motor 45 Which is mounted on the under side of base plate 25.

For carrying the weight of the arm 21, carriage 32, etc., a roller 46 is attached. to the bracket 35 and rides on a circular track 41 mounted on the base plate 25. Slidably but not rotatably mounted on the square shaft 38 is a bevel pinion 5I meshing with a bevel gear 52 which is mounted for rotation on the carriage 32. Secured to the bevel gear 52 is an arm 53 on which a slider 54 is mounted. Threaded thru the slider 54 is a screw shaft 55 mounted for rotation in brackets 56 and 51 and driven by synchro-motor 58 which is mounted on bracket 56.

On top of the slider 54 is mounted pin 6| which slides in a slot 62 in an arm '63 which is provided with a bracket 64 to which is secured a shaft 65. This shaft is rotatably mounted in a middle plate 66 and is surrounded by a spacing collar 61. Secured to the shaft 65 is an arm 68. The pin 6| is pivotably mounted in a bracket 69 which is attached to a rack I0. This rack is slidably mounted in a bracket H which forms part of the arm 63 and meshes with a pinion I2 secured to the shaft of a synchro-generator I3 mounted on bracket I4 secured to arm 63. Mounted on the bracket II are two spring contacts l5 and I6 separated by a block of insulation 11. Attached to the rack 69 is a button I8 which at suitable times engages contact I5 to move it into engagement with contact I6. The contacts I5 and I6 are connected by two conductors I9 and 80 to a lamp 59 mounted on th arm 83. A battery 60 is inserted in the conductor I9.

The calculator is provided with a top plate BI in which is rotatably mounted a shaft 82 to the upper end of which is secured a pointer 83 which registers with a circular scale 80 graduated in degrees. Attached to the shaft 82 just below the plate BI is a circular disc 84 engraved with the degrees of a circle to 360. These markings may be seen through a rectangular opening 85 in the plate 8| as shown in Fig. 3. Rotatabl mounted on the shaft 83 below the disc 84 is a second circular disc 86 engraved with figures representing the distance of the submarine from the helicopter. These figures ,may be seen through a second rectangular opening'8l in the plat 8|. Rotatably mounted on shaft 82 but attached to the disc 86 is a bevel gear 88 which meshes with bevel opinion 89 secured to the shaft of a synchro-motor 9I which is mounted on a bracket 92 attached to circular L-shaped member 93 which is mounted on the under surface of the top plate 8 I.

Rotatably mounted on shaft 82 is a worm wheel 95 which meshes with a worm 96 secured ..to the shaft of a synchro-motor 91 mounted on is threaded a screw-shaft I03 having bearings .in brackets I04 and I attached to arm IOI.

Screw-shaft I03 is operated by a synchro-motor I06 mounted on bracket I04. Rotatably mounted in carriage I02 is a shaft I0I which passes thru a slot provided in the arm IOI. To the upper end of shaft I0! is attached a bevel gear I08 which meshes with a bevel pinion I09. The pinion I09 is slidably but rotatably mounted on a square shaft III having bearings in brackets I05 and H2 and passing thru an openin in carriage I02. Secured to on end of shaft I II is a bevel pinion I I3 which meshes with bevel gear 99.

Secured to the lower end of the shaft I0I is an arm I I5 on which is slidably mounted a slider 4 H6 thru which is threaded a screw-shaft II'I having bearings in brackets H8 and I I9 attached to arm H5. The screw-shaft III is driven by a synchro-motor I2I which is mounted on bracket H9. The slider H6 is provided with a pin I22 which slides in a slot I23 provided in arm 68. Mounted on the bracket I 05 is a roller I24 which rolls on L-shaped member 93 and supports the weight of the arms IOI, II5, etc. The entire calculator is enclosed in a casing I26 to which are secured the base plate 25, the middle plate 66 and the top plate 8I.

In order to obtain the distance and bearing of the helicopter I3 from the ship II the radar system shown in Fig. 7 may be used. This may comprise a radar antenna I3I, a radar transmitter I32 and a receiver I33, which may be any well known and standard construction such as that described in Principles of Radar published by McGraw-Hill Book Co. in 1946. The antenna I3I comprises a dipole I34 mounted at the focus of a parabolic reflector I35 which is secured to the upper end of a rotatable shaft I36 to the lower end of which is attached a worm wheel I3'I meshing with a worm I38 carried on a shaft I39. At one end of the shaft I39 is a handle MI and at the other end a synchro-generator I42 which is connected by a cable I43 to the synchro-motor 3| (Fig. 2). A pointer I44, attached to the shaft I36, indicates on a fixed dial I45 the bearing of the helicopter I3 from the ship I I.

The distance of the helicopter from the ship is determined in a well known manner from the receiver I33. For transmitting this distance to the calculator a synchro-generator I46 is provided which is driven by a shaft I41 provided with a handle I48. Secured on the shaft M1 is a worm I49 which meshes with a worm wheel I5I carried on the lower end of a shaft I52 to the upper end of which is attached a pointer I53 registering with a fixed dial I54. The generator I46 is connected by a cable I55 to the motor 36.

In order to obtain the distance and bearing of the submarine I2 from the ship II the sonar system depicted in Fig. 8 may be used. This may comprise a sonar transmitter I56, a receiver I51 and an array of quartz crystal subaqueous directional transducers indicated at I58 and attached to the lower end of a shaft I59. These may be of the general type described in articles in the RCA Review, vol. VIII, chapter entitled Underwater sound transducers, pp. 698-718, and vol. X, chapter entitled Directional microphone, pp. 339-347. The directional transducers I58 are attached to the lower end of a shaft I59 to the upper end of which is secured aworm wheel I60 meshing with a worm I6I carried on a shaft I62. At one end of this shaft is a'handle I63 and at the other end a synchro-generator I64 which is connected by a cable I65 to the motor 45 (Fig. .2). A pointer I66, attached to the shaft I58, indicates on a fixed dial I6'I the bearing of the submarine I2 from the ship II.

The distance of the submarine from the ship is determined in a well known manner from the receiver I 5('I. For transmitting this distance to the calculator a synchro-generator III is provided which is driven by a shaft I'I2 having a handle II3. Secured to the shaft 'I 'I2' is a worm II4 which meshes with a worm wheel I15 carried on the lower end of a shaft I'I6 to the upper end of which is attached a pointer I'I'I registering with a fixed dial I18. The generator MI is connected by a cable H9- to the motor 58. The course and speed of the submarine is determined in. a well known manner by plotting the consecutive positions of the submarine as determined by sonar, as previously described. For transmittingthis information, together with the speed of the helicopter, the mechanism depicted in Fig. 9 is used. This consists of a casing It! in which aremounted three synchrogenerators I82, I83 and 186 which are driven by three shafts I85, I86, and I18! and are provided handles I88, I89 and I918. Fastened to these shafts are three 'worms I92, I93 and I94 which mesh with three worm wheels I915, i916 and I9! secured to. three shafts 198, I 9'?! and 200. To the other ends of these shafts are attached three pointers 2912, 203 and 204 which register with three idials 2115, b and 2M mounted on the top of casing I8I. The three generators IBZIB? and I84 are connected by three cables 21%. 209 and 211 .0 tomotors 97, I2I and Hit respectively. The generator '13 is connected by a cable 212 to the motor SI. The synchro-generators and motors referred to in this description maybe of any suit able type, such for example as that described in Principles of Radar," published by McGraw-Hill Book =.Co., chapter VIII, section A-Synchros, pp. 12-2 to 12-45.

For transmitting the information obtained by the calculator to the pilot of the helicopter a television camera I2I2 .is mounted on a bracket 2.13 and is located a suitable distance above the dial :of the calculator.- The bracket ZIEi may be attached to the casing I25 of the calculator or supported in any desired manner. The camera 2% is connected to atelevision transmitter (not shown) which transmits the television picture .to the receiver (not shown) in the helicopter where a. picture of the calculator dial is reproduced on the television screen located on the instrument panel of thehelicopter as depicted in Fig. 11. The television camera, transmitter, receiver, .etc., may be of any well known and standard construction.

Operation It is .first necessary to obtain the direction of the helicopter I3 from the ship II, represented by the line 1.5 (Fig. 1.). This is done in a well known manner by turning the handle MI (Fig. Fl). which rotates the directional radar antenna 4-31 by means of the worm and wheel I-38-I3l., until the desired signal, received by reflection I from the helicopter I3, is picked up. The direction of the line 15 is then indicated by the pointer IM on the dial Hi5. This angle is given in degreesfrom north and in this figure is shown as being As the position of the helicopter .is used as the center point of the calculator the angle to be fed to this machine is the direction of the line I5 from the helicopter I3 to the ship -I I, which inthis case is 30 plus 180=210. This angle is transmitted by the generator I46 through cable I43to motor 3| (Fig. 2), which by means of worm and wheel 29-28 rotates sleeve '26 and therefore arm .21, to the position 210 as shown in-Fig. 5.

The distance of the helicopter 1.3 from the ship H, represented by the length of the line I5, is determined in a well known manner from the radar receiver I33 and is transmitted by turning the handle I48 to operate the generator I45 until the pointer 153 indicates the desired distance on the dial I54. The generator I46 transmits themotion thru the cable I55 to the motor 36, which rotates screw shaft 33, causing the carriage 32 to slide along the arm .21 until the distance between the axis of the sleeve 23 and the bevel gear 52 is equal to the distance between the helicopter I3 and ship I I, on the scale of the calculator.

It is now necessary to determine the direction and distance of the submarine I2 from the ship II which is done in a well known manner by turning the handle I63 (Fig. 8) which rotates the directional sonar transducers I58 until the desired signal, received by reflection from the submarine, is picked up. The direction of the line It is then indicated on the dial I5] by pointer I66. This angle is given in degrees from north and in this figure is shown as being 345. This angle is transmitted by generator I64 to motor 45, which by means of worm and wheel 4ll43 rotates shaft 4'2, which by means. of bevel gear and pinion lI3I rotates square shaft 38. This in turn by means of bevel pinion and gear 5I-52 rotates arm 53 to the 345 position as shown in Fig. 5.

This distance of the submarine I2 from the ship I I, represented by the length of the line it, is determined in a Well known manner from the sonar "receiver I57 and is transmitted by turning the handle I73 to operate the generator III until the pointer. Ill indicates the desired distance onthe dial I18. The generator IlI transmits this motion thru the cable I19 to the motor 58, which rotates screw shaft 55, causing the slider 54 to move along the arm 53 until the distance between the axis of the gear 52 and the pin GI is equal to the distance between the ship II and submarine I2 on the scale of the calculator.

As the arms 21 and 53 and the slides 32 and 54 are moved into the positions shown in Fig. '5 the pin 6| will slide in the slot 62 causing the arm 63 to assume the position shown which in this case is 285. triangle I'I-I2I3, represented by line I! (Fig. v1) and gives the desired bearing of the submarine I2 from the helicopter IS. The distance between the axis of the shaft 55 and pin-BI represents the calculated distance between the helicopter I3 and the submarine I2 on the scale of the calculator. As the pin SI slides in the slot 62 it moves the rack 69 with it, which in turn rotates pinion l2 and enerator #3. This rotation is proportional to the length of line I? and is transmitted by cable 2 I2 to motor 9I which by means of gears 89-88 rotates disc an amount proportional to this distance. As this disc rotates the figures engraved thereon will appear in the opening 81 thus indicating the distance in miles between the helicopter I3 and the submarine I2.

The arm 63 and, therefore, the arm 68 will indicate the bearing of the submarine from the helicopter, but if the submarine is in motion it will be necessary to take that into account order to determine the course which the helicopter must fly in order to intercept the submarine. The course and speed of the submarine is determined in any well known manner, such as plotting the locations of the submarine at given time intervals, as determined by the sonar apparatus just described.

After these factors have been obtained the velocity triangle I2-I32I (Fig. l) is determined in which the speed and course of the submarine I2 is represented by the line It. In this case the speed is shown as 14 miles per hour (scale 1":16 miles per hour) and the course as This is the third side of the 240. The angle 22 is now determined as 135 (240- (285-180). The air speed of the helicopter I3 is known, in this case being '70 miles per hour and is represented as the length of the line I9. With the lengths of the two sides I8 and I9 and the angle 22 known the triangle I2-I3-2I is determined.

' This information is transmitted to the calculator by turning the handle I88 (Fig. 9) until the pointer 202 indicates the speed of the submarine on the dial 205. This operation causes a rotation of the generator I82, which is transmitted through the cable 208 to motor I2 I, which in turn rotates the screw-shaft I I1. This causes the rider IIB to slide along the arm II a distance proportional to the speed of the submarine.

The speed of the helicopter is transmitted by turning the handle I90 until the pointer 20 indicates this speed on the dial 201. This operation causes a rotation of the generator I84, which is transmitted through the cable 2I0 to motor I06, which in turn rotates the screw shaft I03. This causes the rider I02 to slide along the arm IOI a distance proportional to the speed of the helicopter.

The course of the submarine is transmitted by turning handle I89 until the pointer 203 indicates this course on the dial 206. This operation causes a rotation of the generator I83, which is transmitted through cable 209 to motor 91, which in turn rotates the worm and wheel 96-95. The rotation of worm wheel 95 causes an equal rotation of bevel gear 99, which in turn causes a rotation of bevel pinion 89. This rotates the square shaft III causing a rotation of bevel pinion I09 and bevel gear I08. The rotation of gear I08 is transmitted by shaft In! to the arm II5 which assumes the position shown in Fig. 4 corresponding to the course of the submarine as indicated by the line I8 of Fig. 1. The angle between the arms 68 and H5 will now equal the angle 22 and the arm IOI will assume the direction of the line I9, which is the course the helicopter must fly in order to intercept the submarine at the point 2 I, which in this case is 277.

The position of the arm IIlI is transmitted by the shaft 82 to the arm 83 which indicate the course angle 277 on the dial 8!] (Fig. 3). At the same time the disc 84 is rotated by the shaft 82 so that the figures 21! appear in the opening 85. The top of the calculator is now televised by the television camera 2I2 (Fig. 10) which transmits this picture to the television receiver located in the helicopter where it is reproduced on the kinescope screen located on the instrument panel in front of the pilot as shown in Fig. 11.

The pilot of the helicopter now has a visual indication in front of him of the course he should fiy to intercept the submarine. He not only sees the pointer 83 indicating the course on the dial 80, but he also sees this course given as degrees in large numerals in the opening 85. In the other opening 81 he is given the distance in miles from the helicopter to the submarine. As the helicopter approaches the submarine new values of the various bearings, distances, etc. will be obtained and fed to the calculator as already described, which will result in changes of the course and distance. These changes will be immediately seen by the pilot of the helicopter, as the top of the calculator is continuously televised by the camera 2I2. In this way the pilot can follow any changes in the course and speed of the submarine so as to be sure to intercept the submarine at the proper position. If there is a wind blowing at the time of the attack the pilot can solve the wind drift problem for aircraftin the usual and well known manner and apply the correction to his course and thereby obtain the proper heading for the helicopter.

When the helicopter reaches a position directly over the submarine the pin GI will be directly under the shaft and the rack ID will have moved sufiiciently far to the right, as seen in Fig. 5, so that the button I8 will raise the contact I5 causing it to engage the contact I6 thereby closing a circuit to the light 59 which will be lit by battery 60. This will indicate to the pilot that he is directly over the submarine and should drop his depth bombs.

Although only a specific embodiment of this invention has been shown herein, it is to be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms as will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:

1. A computer mechanism for computing the bearing of a target point for an attacking vessel to intercept a target vessel and the distance of the target vessel from the attacking vessel, by data with respect to a remote observation point, comprising a lower support, a sleeve rotatably mounted therein and carrying a radial arm, means rotating said sleeve to set the position of said arm in accordance with the bearing of the observation point from said attacking vessel. a rider on said arm, means including a repeater and a worm feed driven thereby for setting said rider along said arm in accordance with the distance of said attacking vessel from said observation point, a second arm pivoted on said rider, means including a repeater and gears to set said second arm in accordance with the bearing of the target vessel from said observation point, a rider on said second arm, means including a repeater and a worm feed driven thereby to set said last rider in accordance with the distance of the target vessel from said observation point, a second support above said first support, a third arm rotatably mounted below said second support about an axis common with that of said sleeve, a sliding connection between said last rider and said third arm, a repeater on said third arm, means including a rack and pinion connecting said last rider to actuate said last repeater to transmit the distance of said attacking vessel from said target vessel, a fourth arm connected to said third arm and rotatable above said second support, a third support above said second support, a fifth arm rotatably mounted below said third support, a rider on said fifth arm, means including a repeater and a worm feed driven thereby to set said last rider in accordance with the speed of the attacking vessel, a sixth arm pivoted to said last rider, means including a repeater to set said sixth arm in accordance with the course of the target vessel, a rider on said sixth arm having a sliding connection with said fourth arm, means including a repeater and a worm feed driven thereby to set said last rider in accordance with the speed of the target vessel, whereby said fourth, fifth and sixth arms form a triangle in which the position of the fifth arm represents the bearing of the target point from the attacking vessel.

2. In a computer, as set forth in claim 1, a pointer attached to said fifth arm above said third support and a scale on said third support cooperating with said pointer to indicate the bearing of said target point.

9 10 3. In a computer, as set forth in claim 1, signal Number Name Date means actuated when said second rider reaches 2,432,625 Klein -s Dec. 16, 1947 a position in alignment with said axis, to indi- 2,437,243 Curtis Mar. 9, 1948 cate that the attacking vessel is over said target 2,438,522 Smith Mar. 30, 1943 vessel. 5 2,480,868 Marshall Sept. 6, 1949 2,513,490 Jones July 4, 1950 References Cited 1n the file of thls patent FOREIGN PATENTS V UNITED STATES PA TS Number Country Date Number Name Date 10 725,817 Germany Sept. 30, 1942 2,370,753 Reece Mar. 6, 1945 

